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Grains · Complete Guide

Rice Farming Guide — चावल

Rice is India's most important staple food crop. West Bengal, Punjab, UP, and Andhra Pradesh lead production. Basmati rice commands significant premium.

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Season

Kharif (June–November main season)

Duration

100–150 days (variety dependent)

Expected Yield

4–8 tonnes/hectare

MSP / Market Price

₹2,300/quintal (Common grade, 2024–25)

Soil Type

Clay or clay loam with good water retention

Water Requirement

High — flood irrigation (2–5 cm standing water) or SRI method

Sowing & Planting

Transplant 25–30 day old seedlings. SRI: transplant 8–12 day old seedlings with wider spacing (25×25 cm).

Fertilizer Management

120kg N, 60kg P, 60kg K per hectare for high-yielding varieties. For Basmati: reduce N to 90kg to maintain aroma.

Common Pests & Diseases

  • Blast (Pyricularia oryzae)
  • Brown plant hopper
  • Stem borer
  • Sheath blight
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Harvesting

Harvest when 80–85% of grains turn golden yellow. Moisture 20–22% at harvest, dry to 14% for storage.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Basmati rice profitable?
Yes — Basmati fetches ₹3,500–₹7,000/quintal vs ₹2,300 MSP for common rice. KrishiPulse connects Basmati growers with exporters and premium buyers.
What is SRI method?
System of Rice Intensification uses fewer seeds, younger seedlings, wider spacing, and alternate wetting & drying. Can reduce water use by 30% and increase yield by 20–30%.

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